INSURANCE & MORTGAGE

Movement News January 15, 2021

Movement Mortgage, the nation’s sixth-largest retail mortgage lender, has promoted Chief Performance Officer Mike Brennan to company president, a new role that will lead all operations and sales functions across the organization.
… Continued […]

When you refinance your home, the process is similar to the one you followed when obtaining your original mortgage. Your finances will be verified and calculated, and your home will be appraised to determine its value to your potential lender. However, PennyMac also has many streamline products that don’t require income or asset verification. There are also products that do not require an appraisal. As a result of a refinance, it’s common for your monthly payment and even your total loan amount to change — but will your property taxes go up?
The short answer is, “No.” Your property taxes will not go up if you refinance, but let’s dig a little deeper in order to clear up any confusion or concerns.
Ready to refinance now? Check out our many refinancing options here! You’ll also find the tools and answers to common questions to help determine the best choice for you.
Appraisal, Purchase Price, and Assessment
To understand this topic completely, it’s first important to know that there are three ways that a value can get assigned to your home: your appraisal, your purchase price, and your assessment. The following demonstrates how each is defined.
Appraisal — Your lender won’t fund a loan for more than your house is worth. This is how they protect their investment in you: they want to make sure that your home is sufficient collateral. In other words, they need to know your home is worth an amount equal to (or more than) the amount of money they are lending you. In some cases the lender will determine the value of your house by ordering an appraisal as part of the homebuying process — and again when you look to refinance into a new loan. Some products do not require an appraisal to refinance.
Purchase Price — Most homebuyers are able to buy their homes for an amount equal to or less than the appraisal price. In very competitive markets, buyers may pay more than the appraised value of a home in order to “beat” other interested buyers. As borrowers typically can’t secure a loan for an amount higher than the appraised value, this is usually done via a larger down payment or by buying a home without a loan.
Assessment — Your assessment is the value that your city, county, or other municipality has determined that your home (and the land it occupies) is worth. Typically updated on an annual basis, your assessment is the only one of these three numbers that is used to determine your property tax amount.
Very few homeowners will have an appraisal, purchase price, and an assessment that all match exactly. However, these three numbers are typically fairly close, unless you are in a competitive or otherwise unique real estate market.
Learn more about home buying in competitive markets in our interview with housing industry experts.
How Your Property Tax is Calculated
There are two numbers used to calculate the total amount that you pay in property taxes each year: your assessment and your tax rate. If your home is assessed at $300,000, and your tax rate is 3 percent, you’ll pay $9,000 a year in property tax. Your property taxes will only go up if your rate or assessment amount increases, and refinancing your home (including the appraisal) does not impact either of these numbers.
The only way that you can connect the refinance process to your property tax amount is as a type of forecast or prediction. If you are in a hot real estate market with rapidly increasing home values, an appraisal amount that is much higher than your assessed value can be seen as a warning that your assessment (and therefore your property tax amount) may increase in the future.
This prediction is not always accurate or instant, however. Assessment value changes occur at a much slower rate than housing market prices, and are typically only adjusted once per year. In addition, many municipalities have laws regarding how much property taxes can be increased within a specific amount of time.
Refinance Fearlessly
If you’ve been hesitant to start the refinance process because you’re worried your property taxes will increase, you can put those fears to rest. Refinancing won’t impact your property taxes, and it offers many other benefits that can help you reach your financial goals. Explore your refinancing options by starting with our online application or contact a PennyMac Loan Officer today! […]

Foreclosure activity in 2020 plummeted 57% from 2019, but that could change dramatically once government moratoria expire, according to Attom Data Solutions.
Foreclosure filings totaled 214,323 properties — or 0.16% all U.S. properties — the lowest sum since Attom started its tracking in 2005. Comparatively, 2019 had 493,066 filings representing a 0.36% share of all properties. These numbers peaked at 2.9 million and 2.23% in 2010.“There is a backlog of foreclosures building up — loans that were in foreclosure prior to the moratoria; loans that would have defaulted under normal circumstances; and loans whose borrowers are in financial distress due to the pandemic,” Rick Sharga, executive vice president of Attom’s consumer-facing business, RealtyTrac, said in the report. “While it’s still highly unlikely that we’ll see another wave of foreclosures like the one we had during the Great Recession, we really won’t know how big that backlog is until after the government programs expire.”
Although they dropped 80% from the year before, December’s foreclosure filings rose 8% month-over-month to 10,876 properties.

Delaware had the highest statewide foreclosure rate in 2020, at 0.33%. It was trailed by New Jersey’s 0.31% and 0.3% in Illinois. This marks the first time New Jersey hasn’t topped the list since 2015. The highest foreclosure rates at the metro level came in Cleveland, Chicago and Baltimore with rates of 0.34%, 0.3% and 0.29%, respectively.
Lenders repossession through foreclosure also hit a low point of 50,238 properties, down 65% from 143,955 in 2019 and 95% from 2010’s high-water mark of 1.05 million. In December, lenders took back 1,972 properties through completed foreclosures, down 2% from November and 86% from December 2019.
Foreclosure starts also sank to a record low, falling 61% to 131,372 units in 2020 from 335,985 in 2019 and down 94% from 2.14 million in 2009. At the state level, Oregon decreased the most annually at 79%, followed by declines of 77% in Arkansas and Kansas, and 71% in Nevada. Only Idaho saw an increase in foreclosure starts, climbing 4% from 2019. Among metropolitan areas with populations over 1 million, Jacksonville, Fla., and Las Vegas both dropped 74%, with Washington, D.C., and Memphis, Tenn., right behind at 72%.
“The impact of the government foreclosure moratoria and mortgage forbearance programs is nowhere more obvious than in the foreclosure start numbers from 2020. We ended the year with a near-record number of seriously delinquent loans, but historically low levels of foreclosure activity,” Sharga said. “The question remains how many homeowners whose finances have been affected by the pandemic will ultimately default on their loans, and whether the strength of the housing market will help cushion the fallout.” […]

Much of the mortgage industry applauds the agreement between the Federal Housing Finance Agency and Treasury, which in addition to allowing the GSEs to hold more capital, codifies the pricing requirements for loans sold to the government-sponsored enterprises, no matter the lender’s size.
The Community Home Lenders Association made guaranty fee parity its top GSE priority, repeatedly calling for the amendment of the Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements to require that as a condition for exiting conservatorship.
Making that permanent “is important to smaller lenders, to borrowers, and to reducing the ruinous volume discounts to lenders like Countrywide that contributed to the GSEs’ conservatorship in 2008,” Scott Olson, CHLA’s executive director, said in a statement.

But the National Association of Federally-Insured Credit Unions asserted that the rulemaking needs to be taken a step further.

While the agreement ends the net worth sweep, Treasury’s liquidation preference for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac’ senior preferred shares will increase.
Bloomberg News

“We encourage the FHFA to work with Congress to codify certain protections — including those to ensure credit unions have guaranteed and equal access to the secondary market and receive fair pricing based upon loan quality, not volume — before the GSEs are officially released from conservatorship,” NAFCU President and CEO Dan Berger said in a statement.
The Mortgage Bankers Association, while happy the agreement “preserves and extends” price parity, was concerned about parts that limit Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac’s capacity to purchase certain types of loans.
The agreement keeps so-called higher-risk single-family loan purchases at their current levels and it memorializes the multifamily lending caps. Both are potential problems, MBA President and CEO Bob Broeksmit said.
“It is critically important that measures to guide the GSEs’ market footprint carefully balance the need for them to meet their affordable housing mission for both single-family and multifamily homes,” said Broeksmit in a statement. “Some of the provisions may prove inflexible during market stress, and it will be vital for FHFA and the Treasury Department to monitor those impacts and remain open to changes as necessary, especially for untested standards.”
On the other hand, Eric Hagen, an analyst for BTIG, sees keeping those caps at the current limits as an opportunity for the private-label mortgage market.
“We see those cohorts being attractive potential sources of longer-term growth for lenders such as mortgage REITs,” Hagen said in a report, noting that investment firms such as Annaly and Chimera have been aggregating and financing agency-eligible investor loans through securitization in recent years.
“Treasury’s agreements don’t necessarily expand the market share available for REITs, although at the same time, it likely helps stymie any additional GSE support those loans could have received under the incoming administration,” he added.
The deal still leaves a lot of open questions, especially about the PSPAs, said Bose George, an analyst with Keefe, Bruyette & Woods. Permitting Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to retain capital increases the liquidation preference of those preferred shares held by Treasury. The new agreement does not specify how the PSPA will be resolved, George noted.
“Nevertheless, the buildup of capital is positive and does make it easier for the companies to be privatized later by either forgiving the senior preferred debt or converting it to common shares,” he said.
“However, to the extent the new administration continues along the privatization path, the most likely scenario would be a conversion to common of the senior preferred shares as opposed to forgiving that debt,” George said in a press release. “This would meaningfully dilute the common shares.”
Furthermore, GSE privatization is not expected to be a priority for the incoming Biden administration.
For investors, the next milestone is a decision from the Supreme Court in a case heard in early December, which challenged the legitimacy of the FHFA’s leadership structure, Randy Binner, an analyst with B. Riley Securities, pointed out.
If the court rules that a president’s inability to remove the FHFA director is unconstitutional, some hope it will go to the next step and declare the net worth sweep to be invalid.
“Government actions around the GSEs have always been questionable in our view, but the court historically shows deference to past regulatory actions,” Binner said. “If anything, that deference seemed somewhat less clear, and discussions around FHFA structure and the nature of the conservatorship seemed to marginally favor investor claims, in our opinion.”
In the end, however, it will all fall back to the federal legislative branch to ensure the outcome the mortgage industry desires.
“[The] announcement reminds us that Congress and the administration have unfinished business in housing finance,” Ed DeMarco, the president of the Housing Policy Council and former acting director of the FHFA, said in a statement. “It will now be up to the Biden administration to work with Congress to end the conservatorships and bring certainty to the market regarding the GSEs and the government’s backstop.” […]

You want your furry friends to be comfortable in their own space. While you may be spending more time at home, it may be the perfect time to decorate with pet-friendly items for your puppy or kitten. Naturally, your pets deserve a cozy pet nook to curl up into at the end of the day. In this installment of our DIY pet series, learn more about these DIY cozy pet nook with your best friend in mind.
DIY cozy pet nooks for your new puppy or kitten
Pets love to take naps and if you have a puppy or kitten they may like to curl up on anything they can. Here are some fun DIY projects to consider when crafting your next cozy spot for your pet.
1.Dresser for your pet
Do you have a drawer that’s not currently being occupied? Consider creating a secret getaway in your dresser for your kitten. Try adding blankets, a felt mouse, and a small scratching post to add different types of enrichment for your cat. That way your pet has a cozy pet nook to rest and play in all day long. Always be mindful to let all family members know of the drawer to help avoid any injuries or accidents with your pet.
2.Secret spot for your puppy
Imagine a space where your dog or puppy can call their own. If you’re up for a more permanent DIY project, consider a cut-out under your stairs for the ultimate dog house. Complete with a dog bed, bowl, and pet gate, and your puppy may be ready for naptime. For an additional resource on how to create this pup-proof space, read here.
3.Nightstand bed for your dog
Chances are you may have a nightstand or end table somewhere in your home. What’s great about this type of furniture is it can be used for multiple purposes. For example, it can be used for storage, holding some of your favorite books, or a comfy spot for your pet to curl up and take a nap. Consider adding a pet bed and interactive puzzle feeder for the perfect place to get away, rest, and play.
4.Portable crate for your puppy or kitten
If you have a flair for vintage décor, consider updating a vintage wood milk crate for your furry friend. A simple project could result in a cozy pet nook for your furry friend. Cut insert into the wood at the front of the crate, sand down, and insert dog bed inside the crate. Also, you could add other details like legs, wheels, or a platform for easy accessibility. Further, this crate can easily be moved around your home including storing under your remote work desk.
5.Window perch for your cat
Cats and kittens love to climb and explore in their home. So they may enjoy the chance to rest and relax once they’ve roamed through their space. For example, an extension on your window may give your cat a chance to lounge while they enjoy the view. Also, this can be a great addition to a catio or any pet-friendly room with a window. Check out this guide on how to build a catio for the ultimate cat space.
A pet-friendly home should give your pet the chance to explore, play, and rest in a safe environment. Consider how you can add pet-friendly items and create a space that is functional for the entire family. For more on how to puppy-proof your home, read here.
DIY cozy pet nooks can give your pet the chance to relax when they’re at home
No matter how big your space is, there’s always the chance to add a touch of fun to your pet’s furniture, toys, or pet care items. Also, it may give the opportunity for the entire family a chance to help make something new for your furry family member. However, your pet’s favorite spot at the end of the day may be curled up right next to you!
What are your favorite DIY cozy pet nooks to craft for your best friend? Tell us in the comments below.
For more on DIY pets at home, read How to Build a Dog House for Your Pet Space

About The Author
Kelli.Rascoe
is a digital content writer and editor for Trupanion. She spends her workday writing for the Trupanion blog. She loves writing about pets, being inspired by pets, and luckily gets to hang out with her rescue dogs all day long. In her free time, she enjoys exploring and traveling with her family. Her work has been featured on the DOGTV blog, KitNipBox blog, Get Your Pet blog, Fansided, among many others. […]

You can identify the equipment by the name and red breaker handles.

Why has almost every insurance company taken a stance against Federal Pacific Stab-Lok circuit breakers? Short answer: They are known for starting fires. But you can protect your property from a potential loss by identifying whether your facility has Stab-Lok panels and replacing them with safer equipment.
THE BACKSTORY
Federal Pacific Electric Co. manufactured many types of electrical systems over the years, and not all FPE equipment had problems. However, the circuit breaker panels marketed as Stab-Lok did have problems. Popular from the 1950s to the 1980s, they were installed in many commercial and residential buildings, and many can still be found today.
The outside of the breaker box generally has a label.

The primary issue was the inability of the breakers to trip in an overload or short circuit condition. This failure would allow the excess current to heat up and start fires within the circuit, resulting in loss of property or loss of life. In a 1982 Securities and Exchange Commission Filing, Reliance Electric Co. (the parent company to FPE), documented “a possible defect” in their Stab-Lok breakers and acknowledged that Underwriters Laboratories approval had been obtained “through the use of deceptive and improper practices.” In fact, Underwriters Laboratories ended up revoking their UL Listing for those products manufactured by FPE.
The method used to attach the breaker to the back of the panel was another known design problem. The connection points are known to become poor. This breakdown increases resistance to the flow of current, which generates heat, a leading cause of electrical fires.
When the problems with Stab-Lok panels began to surface in the 1980s, an independent firm hired to investigate the breakers published a peer-reviewed paper showing that 28% of the breakers tested failed to trip. Experts also estimated that FPE Stab-Lok breakers may be responsible for as many as 2,800 fires, 13 deaths and $40 million in property damage every year. The actual numbers are impossible to know. These figures focus only on residential fires, not commercial fires.
Because of numbers like this and the known hazards associated with these panels, Cincinnati Insurance loss control specialists recommend that the entire panel be replaced with a modern panel by a licensed electrician.
HOW TO ENSURE YOUR FACILITY IS SAFE
The paint scheme used to label the breakers is unique.

Although it has been more than 30 years since FPE quit manufacturing Stab-Lok panels, an estimated 270 million units are in use today. Fortunately, identifying whether you have these panels is fairly straightforward. The first indication that you may have Stab-Lok panels is a “Federal Pacific” or “FPE” label on the front of the panel.
Next, examine the breaker handles themselves. Stab-Lok breakers are painted red. Look for the word “Stab-Lok” written on the panel face or on the label inside the cover door. It is most commonly found near the top of the panel between the two rows of breakers.
Another visual clue is the white paint scheme used between the two breaker rows that annotates the breaker numbers. The corners are rounded, and there are tick marks separating the breaker numbers.
WE’RE HERE TO HELP
Maintaining a facility can be a full-time job, and it can be difficult to recognize all the potential risks. Cincinnati Insurance Loss Control representatives are available to assist in identifying and mitigating the premier risks. Policyholders may contact your agent to be put directly in contact with a local Loss Control representative.

This loss control information is advisory only. The author assumes no responsibility for management or control of loss control activities. Not all exposures are identified in this article.

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Consider patron and employee safety when using temporary structures outdoors.

Restaurants seeking new ways to stay operational during the pandemic are constructing temporary structures to extend the outdoor dining season. Yurts, plastic pods, greenhouses, shanties and tents are popping up as restaurants work to serve customers while limiting exposure to COVID-19.
Use of these structures without proper safety precautions and adequate protections for customers and employees could lead to unforeseen legal and safety consequences.
Before setting up temporary accommodations at your establishment, consult with local authorities, your attorney and your insurance agent. Here are some common considerations:
General Liability
Ensure the structure complies with all local building codes and zoning ordinances.
If hiring a contractor to build the structure, treat it as if building a brick-and-mortar addition to the property.
Insist on a contract that calls for the contractor to have insurance and language requiring the contractor to defend, indemnify and hold the business harmless should anything go wrong during the construction and erection of the structure.
Obtain proof of professional errors and omissions liability insurance from any firm involved in the design of the structure.
Ensure that the contractor who builds the structure can provide proof of completed operations insurance coverage to protect your business should the structure fail sometime after it is completed. Push for this completed ops coverage to last at least two years.
Pay attention to the walking surface near structures placed in parking lots, on sidewalks or even in streets (with approval of local authorities.) Are there potholes, cracks or areas of heaved pavement that could cause employees and customers to trip?
Notice the proximity of these outdoor structures to active traffic. What is the speed limit on the adjacent roadway? Is there adequate separation between traffic and the temporary structure to keep everyone in them safe? Will local authorities reduce the speed temporarily? Can the street be closed, or can you at least place cones or other warning devices to alert drivers to the presence of people so close to the street?
Securely tape any electrical cords running through the structures or cover them with heavy-weight floor mats to prevent anyone from tripping and potentially tipping over heaters or light poles.
Property
One of the greatest property related concerns with temporary structures is the flammability of the tent fabric. Temporary structures should be constructed using only approved fabrics that comply with National Fire Protection Association standards. This will ensure proper flame resistance ratings. Local authorities likely will require a certificate showing that the tent materials meet NFPA-701 code.
Prior to setting up the temporary structure, consult local authorities for specific guidance on proper setup and placement of the structure. Items to consider:
Whether buying and erecting a prefabricated structure or having the structure built to design specifications, ensure the structure is designed to withstand anticipated weather conditions. Know the maximum wind speed and snow load the structure can withstand.
Placement of the structure should not obstruct egress from any buildings, fire department vehicle access or access to firefighting equipment such as hydrants, fire department connections and building sprinkler valves.
Tent structures should allow at least 10 feet between stake lines for emergency egress.
The immediate 10 feet around the structure perimeter should be free of combustibles and combustible storage.
Limit fire hazards such as combustible storage or debris, smoking and heating equipment. Post NO SMOKING signs. Portable fire extinguishers required in the tent structure should be clear and accessible.
Use only listed appliances, such as cooking and heating equipment.
Locate containers for LP gas heaters at least 60 inches from the tent structure and comply with NFPA-58 Liquified Petroleum Gas Code.
Connect electrical heaters to an electrical source suitable for outdoor use and adequately sized to handle the electrical load.

Workers’ Compensation
One of the greatest workers’ compensation risks is the safe transportation of food to the outside eating area. When possible, consider the following guidelines for employee safety:
Use carts to transfer items from restaurant to the outside area.
Limit the need for employees to cross vehicular traffic patterns.
Position the exterior eating area adjacent to the restaurant.
Ensure employees receive rest when needed and understand to drink water on a regular basis.
Provide some services in the tent such as warmers to store food items and drink preparation stations. If warmers or temporary food stations are used, are items filled in the kitchen and transferred in the warming unit? If so, is the path for travel of service equipment in good condition?
Adjust to bad weather conditions. If possible, create shelter for servers leaving the restaurant and delivering food to the outside eating area.
If heat inside the structure is being used, ensure proper ventilation for products of combustion.
If the structure is covered, be sure openings are clear of debris and large enough for servers to enter easily. Additionally, ensure there are open traffic patterns between individual tent systems.
More Information
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Considerations for Restaurant and Bar Operators
California Department of Public Health’s COVID-19 Industry Guidance for Restaurants
Occupational Safety and Health Administration Alert for Restaurants
National Fire Protection Association Building and Life Safety Issues for Tents
This loss control information is advisory only. The authors assume no responsibility for management or control of loss control activities. Not all exposures are identified in this article. Contact your local, independent insurance agent for coverage advice and policy service. Neither The Cincinnati Insurance Company nor its affiliates or representatives offer legal advice. Consult with your attorney about your specific situation.

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Avoid the cost and hassle of leaks by installing a water shut-off device.

They say that homes that experience one water loss are likely to experience more. After experiencing two separate water heater leaks in our home while my family was away on vacation, I guess it’s true.
The flood
The first incident involved an older water heater, which started leaking while we were gone for a week at the lake. We returned on Sunday to a huge mess. Everything on the floor was wet, including area rugs, photos and stored boxes.
Upon inspection, the problem was clear: the water heater had not been installed with a pan to catch and redirect water in the event of a leak. As a result, our home needed extensive repairs, including removing the bottom three feet of drywall, treating for mold and replacing dislodged floor tiles.
Noisy dehumidifiers and fans operated constantly for what seemed like weeks. Our area rugs were ruined, and it was nearly two months before the drywall was back in place and painted. Knowing all this took place in my basement is one thing. Thinking about what would happen on an upper floor is unimaginable. Needless to say, any relaxation from enjoying a week away turned to immediate stress.
The close call
The second incident was less devastating, thanks to our neighbors stopping by to check on a pet. We were headed out to dinner near the end of another trip when the neighbors called for instructions to turn off the water. The water heater had sprung another leak. It was in a pan this time, but that didn’t matter because the water was spraying from the top of the heater and bouncing off the ceiling.
We were lucky this time – because of our neighbors’ quick action, the damage was limited to one room. The water ran less than 24 hours, and our first incident had taught us not to keep belongings on the floor. Our neighbors kindly vacuumed up the water, preventing damage to the trim and drywall. In a few days, the dehumidifiers and fans brought the humidity back down to normal.
Peace of mind from Flo by Moen
After the second loss, we’d had enough of the water cleanup experience and decided to install a shut-off device through Flo by Moen. Moen connected me with a knowledgeable, trained and local plumber who arrived exactly two weeks later to install my device. The flat-rate installation saved me a few hundred dollars, and I paired some discounted sensors in potential trouble spots to trigger the shut-off if a leak occurs. Installing the device also made my family eligible for a premium discount on our homeowner insurance policy. This year my vacation was far less stressful.
Learn more about Flo by Moen

This loss control information is advisory only. The author assumes no responsibility for management or control of loss control activities. Not all exposures are identified in this article. Contact your local, independent insurance agent for coverage advice and policy service.

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Pay attention to wet floor protocols to keep your premises safe.

When unexpected spills, tracked-in snow or rain, leaking appliances or other sources lead to floor contamination, your employees’ response can easily be the difference between a slip and fall, prompting a potential injury claim, or it being a non-event.  
WET FLOOR PROTOCOL
To handle unexpected contamination of your floors, train your employees about wet floor protocol and enforce it.
Have supplies – wet floor signs, sweeping compound, mops and buckets, rolls of paper towels, broom and dustpan – staged at strategic locations so they can be retrieved quickly. At a minimum, wet floor signs should be available at various locations throughout the business.
Once a spill or other contaminant is detected, go to it immediately and warn others away from the area. Then, set out wet floor signs as quickly as possible.
Make sure the source of the contamination is contained so the situation does not get worse.
If additional supplies are needed to clean up the spill, have an employee stand guard to continue to warn people away while another employee retrieves supplies.
If a co-worker is not available to stand guard over a spill, mark the spill with something before leaving the area to retrieve cleaning supplies. In a restaurant, this might be placing an empty chair over the spill temporarily; in a grocery store, pull down some items from the shelf and block access to the spill. This will be more visible than the liquid covering the floor. This technique should not be left in place for longer than the time it takes to quickly obtain the cleaning supplies and return to the scene.
Clean up the contamination.
Keep warning signs in place until the area has been cleaned and has had time to dry.
WINTER WEATHER CONSIDERATIONS
If snow and ice are concerns in your location, you already know that these conditions can wreak havoc on your employees’ and customers’ ability to safely get in and out of your business. Assign someone to monitor weather forecasts, maintain adequate supplies of shovels and salt and coordinate snow plowing, shoveling, and  salt and sand application with either internal personnel or hired snow and ice removal contractors.
Be prepared to promptly clean up snow and water tracked into your building.
Accidents are, by definition, unexpected. How we react to them should not be.
This loss control information is advisory only. The author assumes no responsibility for management or control of loss control activities. Not all exposures are identified in this article. Contact your local, independent agent for insurance coverage advice and loss control information.

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